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Optimization of gas costs in Metamask: signing transactions with data in EIP 712
As a developer working on projects based on Ethereum, you are probably not new to the problems of gas management. The main factor behind high gas fees is the need to send large amounts of data through the Ethereum transaction format. However, there is an alternative approach that can help you reduce gas costs: signing transactions in EIP 712.
In this article, we will consider how to sign a transaction in Metamask using EIP 712 and what advantages it gives to optimize gas costs.
What is EIP 712?
EIP 712 (Ethereum Improvement Proposal 712) is an updated version of the standard Ethereum gas type identifier that allows developers to define custom gas types that can be used in multiple smart contracts. This feature provides more efficient and scalable interaction between applications built on the basis of different chains.
Setting EIP 712 in Metamask
To use EIP 712 in your project, you need to first set it up in your Metamask wallet. Here are the steps:
- Create or Import an Ethereum Account: Create a new Ethereum account on MetaMask or import an existing one.
- Install the required packages
: Install the
ethers.jsandweb3packages using npm or yarn:npm install ethers@5 web3
- EIP 712 data contract import: Import the EIP 712 data contract as a file, for example: `const { GasType } = require(‘ethers/types’); import ‘
- Define your gas type: Determine the type of gas you want to use in your transaction, for example:
{
"name": "MyCustomGasType",
"description": "Custom throttle type for my NFT project",
"data": {
"value": 100,
"type": GasType.Bytes32
}
}
Signing transactions with data in EIP 712
Now that you’ve determined your gas type, it’s time to sign the data transaction instead of sending the data normally. Here is an example:
async function setAdditionalMetadata(nftCardAddress) {
constant tx = {
from: "Your Ethereum Address",
nonce: web3.eth.getTransactionCount('Your Ethereum Address'),
gasPrice: web3.toWei(20, 'gwei'), // Set the gas price to 20 gwei (2.5 ETH)
gas: 2000,
data: [
{
"data": [
{
"type": GasType.Bytes32,
"value": new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4])
},
{
"type": GasType.Uint256,
"value": '1234567890abcdef'
}
]
}
],
to: nftCardAddress
};
const signature = await web3.eth.accounts.signTransaction(tx);
return { ...tx, signed: signature.rawTransaction };
}
// Sign the transaction with data in EIP 712
const tx = setAdditionalMetadata('0xYourNFTCardAddress');
const signedTx = await metamask.sendTransaction(tx);
console.log(signedTx);
In this example, we define a new custom gas type “MyCustomGasType” and use it to sign a data transaction. The data contains two values: a 4-byte integer and a 256-bit unsigned integer.
Advantages of signing transactions in EIP 712
Signing transactions using EIP 712 gives a number of advantages:
- Lower gas costs
: Since you are not sending large amounts of data through the Ethereum transaction format, you can reduce your gas consumption.
- Improved Scalability: Using EIP 712 custom gas types, you can improve the scalability of your application.
- Increased flexibility: EIP 712 allows you to define a wide range of custom gas types for different usage scenarios.
Conclusion
Signing transactions using data in EIP 712 is an effective way to optimize gas costs while maintaining the benefits of Ethereum-based applications.
